A modified leaf is a changed leaf that does task differently then a normal leaf. An example of this would be a cactus. Cactus live in the desert so they have to store water and protect themselves from danger. In order to do this they produce thorns on their leaves.
Rhizome is a under the ground stem that grow shoots and roots and stores starch. It is also known as ‘the creeping stalk.’ An example of a rhizome is a ginger root. The ginger grows from the rhizome root.
Parasitism is the process in which little vermin(parasites) feed off of other organisms in order to live . An example of this is a pupae and a fly. Female fly parasites lay eggs inside pupae and when they hatch the parasite larvae eats the inside of the fly pupae. They must find pupae in order to reproduce.
A sporophyte is a plant that goes through the alternation of generations which in return makes asexual spores. An example of this is moss. Moss is a sporophyte because it goes through the process of a haploid(1n) alternating with a diploid(2n) which then goes through the meiosis stage and gets split in half. Coming out with one n chromosome in the end. All sporophytes go through the alternation of generations.
Pollen is the sperm of the anther(male plant) that is taken to the stigma(female plant) through various ways. It is what pollinates the stigma which in return produces more flowers.
A frond is a large leaf that is divided and an example of this would be a fern. Its leaves have the branching vein system and the fern leaves unravel from the croziers.
A spore is a reproductive cell that can grow without getting with another reproductive cell. An example of a spore would be a mushroom. The mushroom’s seeds are considered to be spores. Through these little spores, mushrooms are able to make more of their own without having to mate. Mushrooms grow above the ground.
Niche is the place of an organism in its environment. An example of this would be a tree. A tree provides a home for creatures, releases oxygen for humans, and soaks up light and nutrients.
An endosperm is a tissue that surrounds the embryo and gives it nutrients(starch,etc..) in flowering plants. There are two types of endospermic seeds. One is the dicot and the other is the monocot. An example of an endospermic seed through the monocot is rice. Rice contains an embryo, a seed coat, cotyledons, and endosperm. The reason why monocot is the best example for an endosperm is because a dicot uses the cotyledons as storage instead of the endosperm.
Long-day plants are plants that flower after being exposed to much more sunlight than a normal plant. An example of a long-day plant is lettuce because they need large amounts of energy. Since they need large amounts of energy, early summer and late spring are about the time they began to flower. Due to the fact that in the summer and late spring, days become longer and nights become shorter.
Lichen is made up of fungus and algae and can also transform carbon dioxide into oxygen through photosynthesis. It can be found on some trees that do not get that much sunlight. The lichen does not benefit nor harm the tree at all. It is actually just using the tree as a place to live and grow. The fungus helps keep moisture in and stick the lichen to the tree, while the algae helps both thrive through the process of photosynthesis.
A pollinator is a mover of pollen from the anthers(male) to the stigma(female). A bee is an example of a pollinator. When a bee goes to get nectar from a flower they get pollen on their bodies, and when they transfer to another flower the pollen falls of their body and into the flower which results in the pollination of the flower.
Heterotrophy is the process of an organism that can not produce its own food and needs other nutrients (plants and animals) in order to live. As humans, our bodies are unable to make food on its own, so we go through the heterotrophy process. An example of this would be an apple and a human. As humans we eat apples because they are autotrophs. Which means they make their own nutrients, and since they make their own nutrients that means their perfect for us to consume.
A eukaryote is everything on this earth with a nucleus . An example of a eukaryote is a dog. Dogs are eukaryotes because they contain a chloroplasts, a cell wall, a mitochondria, a nucleus, and a chromosomal DNA . Only eukaryotic cells carry all of these structures.
Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP, stores and releases the energy needed for us humans to do just about anything. An example of ATP would be movement. Every time we move our muscles contract and muscle contraction demands ATP. Like in this picture, she is using her muscles in order to hold up the key which causes muscle contraction in return.
Mutualism is when two breeds of organisms benefit from each other. We are going to use bees and flowers as an example. When the bees are getting nectar from the flowers they get pollen on their bodies, and when they go to another flower the pollen falls of their bodies into the flower which pollinates the plant. In short-term, the bees get to eat and the flowers get to reproduce.
A detritivore is an organism that eats dead material and organic waste. This is where they get their energy from. An example of a detritivore is an earthworm. Earthworms eat the dead material along with the little rocks and dirt surrounding it, which in return, makes better soil for plants to grow in.
Coevolution is when two or more breeds change together over time. A perfect example of this would be a fisherman and a fish. A fisherman can not always use the same bait to catch a fish. The fisherman needs new bait tactics. So in order to catch the fish, the fisherman must use a different kind of bait. When one becomes cunning the other must do the same.
An endotherm is an organism that produces heat to keep its body temperature stable despite its surroundings. We, as humans, are endothermic because we maintain a stable body temperature of thirty-seven degrees Celsius, and we sustain homeostasis.
A hermaphrodite is an animal or a human who has the reproductive parts of both a male and a female. An example of a hermaphrodite is an earthworm. During sexual intercourse, both earthworms use both of their reproductive parts in order to create more of their species. This means that both of the earthworms become fertilized at the same time.
An autotroph is an organism that can reproduce its own food out of inorganic materials such as light and chemical energy. There are two types of autotrophs. One is the photoautotrophs and the other is the chemoautotrophs. A perfect example of an autotroph through a photoautotroph is a flower. Photoautotrophs get their energy from sunlight and transform it into sugar through a process called photosynthesis, just like some plants are able to do.
A modified root is a root that has improved itself over time do to the environment that it dwells in. Storage roots and aerial roots are the main modified roots. An example of a modified root through a storage root is a carrot. A carrot is a modified root because it is built to store water and starch for the plant. It also grows underground to prevent from being eaten by plant-eating animals like rabbits.
A modified stem gives plants a chance to grow and thrive in different environments. There are four types of modified stems. One is the bulb, two is the stolon, three is the tuber, and four is the rhizome(which we will be talking about later). An example of a modified stem through the rhizome is ferns. Why you may ask? Because the rhizome is the only stem of the fern plant that produces koru to protect it. Koru protects the plant by tightly wrapping around the plant or by protecting it with its hairs.
Asexual Reproduction is a reproduction process in which a organsim does not need to have sex in order to reproduce. It can reproduce through budding, fission, fragmentation, spore formation, and even more. A great example of asexual reproduction through fragmentation is potatoes. I’ll explain, you notice when you store a potato for to long little eyes start to grow on the potato right? Well those are not little eyes, those are nodes. From these nodes sprout stems and roots, all the ingredients you need for a new potato to be made. Now isn’t that an eye opener?
Glycogen is the carbohydrate storage in animals and humans (mostly found in the liver and muscle tissue) that can transfer to glucose when the body needs energy. For example, this chicken that I just ate. My body is probably going to save that for later in my muscle tissue when I go on my two mile jog.
